Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm dyeing thiab xov kev lag luam, ntau yam softeners tshwm ib tom qab. Feem ntau, raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm softeners, lawv muaj peev xwm muab faib ua plaub pawg: non-nto active, surfactant, reactive thiab polymer emulsion.
non-nto active
Thaum ntxov tsis-surface-active softeners yog cov ntxhia roj, paraffin, thiab cov roj ntuj. Cov roj ntsha muaj roj ntau dua, cov roj ntsha ntau dua thiab cov roj fatty acid ntau dua muaj cov softness zoo thiab ceev ceev smoothness, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua raw khoom rau softeners. Softener 101 poob rau hauv pawg no.
Surfactant
Feem ntau softeners poob rau hauv pawg no. Ntawm lawv, cationic softener yog tsim nyog rau kev ua tiav ntawm cellulose fibers thiab hluavtaws fibers, thiab yog ib hom siv dav.
(1) Anionic softener
Anionic softeners tau siv ua ntej, feem ntau sulfate lossis sulfonate tebchaw. Piv txwv li, sulfates ntawm zaub roj, fatty acid sulfates los yog sulfates, succinate sulfonates, thiab lwm yam. Anionic softener muaj wettability zoo thiab thermal stability, thiab yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv tib da dej nrog fluorescent whitening agent. Nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj thaum ua ke nrog cov tsis-ionics rau bleached fabrics. Cov neeg sawv cev ntau yam yog dioctadecyl succinate sulfonate, lub npe lag luam softener MA-700. Txij li cov fibers tsis zoo nyob rau hauv dej, xws li softeners tsis yooj yim adsorbed los ntawm fibers, ua rau tsis muaj zog softening nyhuv thiab rhiab heev rau electrolytes, feem ntau yog siv rau paj rwb, viscose, txhob lo lo ntxhuav, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Non-ionic softener
Xws li softeners muaj kev sib raug zoo, ruaj khov rau electrolytes, thiab tsis muaj yellowing shortcomings, tab sis lawv muaj tsis zoo adsorption rau fibers thiab tsis tshua muaj durability. Feem ntau siv hauv cellulose fiber ntau thiab cov roj hluavtaws hluavtaws.
Fatty acid polyol ester. Pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, glycerol monofatty acid esters thiab sorbitan fatty acid esters yog cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm polyol hom nonionic softeners. Hom softener no muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev txo cov kev sib txhuam zoo li qub ntawm cov fibers, thiab yog cov khoom siv dav dav, uas yog siv dav hauv cov roj hluavtaws fiber ntau.
Alkanolamides thiab polyoxyethylene fatty amides
Fatty acid diethanolamide muaj zoo ua npuas ncauj stabilization thiab smoothing nyhuv nyob rau hauv kev daws, thiab yuav siv tau raws li softener.
polyether
Polyether softener muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau kev kub ceev, kub kub, siab siab thiab lwm yam.
(3) Cationic softener
Cov cationic softener muaj zog binding muaj peev xwm nrog ntau fibers, uas yuav ua rau cov ntaub tau zoo softening nyhuv, muaj zog durability, ntxuav tsis kam, thiab muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov nyhuv antistatic, abrasion kuj thiab tsim kua muag lub zog ntawm cov ntaub. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws muaj qhov tshwm sim daj daj, muaj cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm fluorescent whitening agents, thiab muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev. Cationic softeners yog dav siv thiab muaj ntau yam.
Quaternary ammonium ntsev. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cationic softener. Nws yog cationic nyob rau hauv tej nruab nrab thiab muaj ib tug zoo softening nyhuv. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau txhua hom fibers. Nws tsis haum rau softening ntawm bleached thiab ntxiv dawb ntaub. Hom softener no tab tom txhim kho sai.
