Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem ua tiav dyeing ntawm cov ntaub. Ntawm no yog 6 txoj kev sib txawv textile dyeing.
1. Batik
Batik yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv dyeing, ib qho txheej txheem qub uas tiv thaiv cov dyeing ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub los ua tus qauv. Tsim cov cheeb tsam uas tiv thaiv cov tshuaj dyeing tso cai rau cov xim sib dua thiab tsaus dua hauv tib txoj kev dyeing.
Keeb kwm ntawm cov kob ntawm Java, Indonesia, batik yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem dyeing qub tshaj plaws. Nws koom nrog txheej txheej ntawm cov ntaub nrog siv quav ciab, tsuas yog nthuav tawm cov khoom tsis zoo rau cov xim xim. Cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem rov ua cov txheej txheem no ntau zaus siv cov xim sib txawv rau cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb, xws li streaks lossis mottles.
Batik yog ib txwm tsim rau cov khaub ncaws hnav thiab hnav khaub ncaws. Niaj hnub no, nws yog siv rau ntau yam khoom, nrog rau quilting, khaub ncaws thiab phab ntsa hangings. Niaj hnub nimno batik tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua, cov qauv zoo nkauj dua.
Ntawm no yog cov txheej txheem dav dav rau batik-dyeing:
Waxing:Cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus siv ib txheej ntawm ciab nyob rau hauv ib tug cwj mem-nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus qauv.
Dyeing:Cov ntaub yog submerged nyob rau hauv ib tug dye da dej, tawm hauv waxed feem undyed. Ob kauj ruam no tuaj yeem rov ua ntau zaus, nyob ntawm qhov xav tau.
Kev tshem tawm Wax:Cov wax yog tshem tawm los ntawm cua sov thiab scraping nws tawm.
2. Hla-dyeing
Hla-dyeing tsim cov xim sib txawv siv cov ntaub da dej. Cov da dej no muaj ob lossis ntau dua cov xov paj uas nthuav tawm cov xim sib txawv. Hla-dyeing feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom muag muag, tsis muaj zog heather. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tuaj yeem tawm cov qauv bolder, nyob ntawm seb cov fibers siv.
Hla-dyeing yog ceev thiab pheej yig, tab sis nws tseem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo sib xws rau lwm cov txheej txheem. Qhov no ua rau nws nrov textile coloring txoj kev.
Ntawm no yog cov txheej txheem rau cross-dyeing:
Submerging:Cov chaw tsim khoom siv cov ntaub ua los ntawm ob lossis ntau hom fiber ntau, xws li ntaub plaub thiab lo lo ntxhuav, thiab muab tso rau hauv ib da dej uas muaj ntau hom dyes.
Dyeing:Cov fibers nqus cov xim sib txawv, tsim cov xim sib txawv.
3. Daim Dyeing
Daim dyeing xim cov khoom ua ntej nws txiav mus rau hauv ib lub tsoos tsho tiav. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau woven lossis knit fabrics. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov paj rwb fibers thiab cov xim tsaus, yog li cov xim muaj sijhawm txaus los teeb tsa ua ntej txiav rau hauv me me. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim dyeing feem ntau yog siv rau fabrics txhais tau tias yog ib qho khoom xim.
Hauv qab no yog cov txheej txheem rau daim dyeing:
Kev daws dyeing:Ib daim ntawv loj nruam ntawm cov ntaub qhuav yog xa los ntawm ib lub trough ntawm cov tshuaj kub dye.
Xim faib:Cov ntaub ntawv dhau los ntawm padded rollers uas uniformly faib cov xim, nyem tawm cov kua ntau dhau.
Ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj kev no suav nrog kev ua cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov hlua zoo li lub kauj ntawm ib lub reel. Cov ntaub txav mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm lub dye vat.
4. Vat Dyeing
Vat dyeing yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob los yog vat. Vat dyes yog insoluble pigments. Lawv Ameslikas tsuas yog tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tab sis tam sim no tuaj yeem ua cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
Vat dyeing feem ntau yog siv rau upholstery, awnings, phuam thiab tsho. Nov yog cov txheej txheem rau txheej txheem no:
Txo:Cov chaw tsim khoom siv tus neeg sawv cev txo qis thiab alkali los hloov cov vat dye rau hauv soluble sodium.
Diffusion:Solubilized sodium nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub fibers.
Yaug:Cov chaw tsim khoom yaug thiab tshem tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txo qis thiab alkali ntau dhau ntawm cov ntaub.
Oxidation:Tom qab dyeing, oxidation yog xav tau kom ncav cuag qhov xav tau ntxoov ntxoo. Cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem kho cov ntaub nrog tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing zoo li hydrogen peroxide lossis ntxuav hauv dej txias. Oxidation converts vat dye rov qab mus rau ib daim ntawv insoluble.
Soaping:Thaum kawg, lawv yuav soap cov ntaub nrog ib tug detergent kom tshem tawm cov xim ntau dhau. Lub vat dye molecules absorbed los ntawm cov khoom yog reoriented rau hauv ib tug ntau crystalline daim ntawv.
5. Xov Paj Dyeing
Cov xov paj dyeing tshwm sim ua ntej cov ntaub yog knitted los yog woven. Nws tuaj tom qab spinning ntawm cov xov paj thiab tuaj yeem koom nrog ib nrab lossis ua tiav immersion ntawm cov xov paj. Dyed yarn tuaj yeem tsim cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb xws li kab txaij, plaid thiab gingham. Cov txheej txheem no tseem tuaj yeem ua ke cov xov paj xiav-dyed warp nrog cov xov paj dawb-filling rau denim manufacturing.
Pob dyeing yog ib qho ntawm cov xov paj dyeing feem ntau. Nov yog cov kauj ruam ib txwm:
Dyeing:Cov xov paj yog qhov txhab ntawm lub raj perforated lossis spool hu ua pob, tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv ib lub voj voog dyeing nrog ntsug spindles. Cov pob yuav raug mob nrog paj rwb, acrylic, polyester lossis viscose yarn thiab tuaj yeem hnyav qhov twg los ntawm 500 grams mus rau 2 kilograms. Cov tshuaj dye yog alternated los ntawm sab nraud ntawm lub pob sab hauv.
Kev tshem tawm xov paj:Cov xov paj uas muaj xim yog muab tshem tawm ntawm lub nkoj los siv rau cov ntaub thiab knitted fabrics.
6. Tshuaj Dyeing
Thaum cov tshuaj dyeing, cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntxiv cov xim dye rau cov kua polymer kua thaum lub filaments daim ntawv. Tom qab ntawd lawv tig cov fibers rau hauv xov paj. Kev daws dyeing sib tov cov xim rau hauv cov tshuaj kom huv si, nqa cov xim tag nrho los ntawm fiber ntau tom qab nws extruded.
Txij li cov xim los ntawm cov fibers tiag tiag, cov ntaub uas tshwm sim muaj qhov ci, pom tseeb. Kev daws dyeing tsuas yog siv rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws, xws li acrylic, polyester thiab nylon.
Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem dyeing ib txwm, cov tshuaj dyeing tsis cuam tshuam nrog dej. Qhov no pab txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg pov tseg thiab cov khoom lag luam xws li carbon dioxide. Kev daws dyeing kuj tseem yuav xa cov sij hawm luv luv thiab zoo dua UV tiv thaiv.
Cov txheej txheem dyeing
Kev daws dyeing ntawm textiles ntxiv xim rau fiber ntau hauv lawv lub xeev ua kua ua ntej qhov tseeb fiber ntau lawm. Nov yog cov kauj ruam dav dav rau kev daws dyeing fabrics:
Pub mis:Cov chaw tsim khoom pub cov tshuaj lom neeg hu ua polymers rau saum lub tshuab dyeing. Lub tshuab dyeing niaj hnub no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel thiab suav nrog lub nkoj los tuav cov kua dyeing. Nws kuj muaj cov cuab yeej ua kom txias, cua sov thiab txav cov kua ib ncig thiab mus rau hauv cov ntaub hluavtaws.
Melting:Lub tshuab yaj cov polymers rau hauv cov khoom zoo li gel. Cov xim pigments kuj ntxiv ncaj qha rau cov polymers thaum lub sij hawm melting txheej txheem no.
Extrusion:Cov gel ces dhau los ntawm qhov me me hu ua spinnerets, ua rau cov xov paj. Cov fiber ntau twb muaj cov xim uas xav tau tom qab extruded los ntawm spinnerets, yog li nws tsis tas yuav ntxiv pigmentation cov kauj ruam.
Kev thauj mus los thiab shipping:Thaum cov fibers tau spun rau hauv cov xov paj thiab ua tiav cov xim uas xav tau, lawv npaj txhij thauj thiab xa mus rau cov khoom lag luam textile. Cov xov paj feem ntau raug xa mus rau hauv cov thawv xws li skeins lossis ntawm spools. Cov thawv no feem ntau yog khaws cia rau hauv bales, folding cartons, thawv lossis hnab.
Knitting los yog weaving:Thaum cov tuam txhab textile tau txais cov xov paj hluavtaws, lawv tuaj yeem xaws los yog xaws rau hauv ntau yam khoom, xws li khaub ncaws, ntaub pua plag, ntaub pua plag, pam vov, upholstery thiab ntau dua.
