Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xeeb ib lub ntiaj teb tsis muaj textiles. (1) Peb niaj hnub tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog textiles hauv peb ib puag ncig. Cov ntaub ntawv no suav nrog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb, suav nrog khaub ncaws, ntaub pua chaw, rooj tog zaum, ntaub pua plag, phuam da dej thiab lub tsheb sab hauv. Lawv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ntuj los yog hluavtaws fibers. Kev ua xua lossis kev cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau teb rau cov kev kho mob fiber ntau, xws li dyeing thiab lwm yam tshuaj tiav, tsis yog textile nws tus kheej. Peb yuav tsum siv cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov hauv kev tsim textiles. (2)
Sub-sectors hauv kev lag luam textile
Kev lag luam textile yog ib qho kev lag luam loj heev. Nws muaj ntau yam sub-sectors uas npog tag nrho lub voj voog ntau lawm. Nws pib nrog kev sib sau cov ntaub ntawv raw (xws li hluavtaws fibers), los ntawm cov khoom ua tiav (xws li cov xov paj thiab cov ntaub), thiab rau cov khoom npaj siv xws li ntaub pua plag, khaub ncaws thiab textiles rau kev lag luam. (1)
Textile fibers yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog yus muaj los ntawm polymeric kev tsim kho. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim fiber ntau yog:
Ntuj fibers - cov no yog tsiaj fibers (tseem hu ua: protein fibers - xws li txhob lo lo ntxhuav, ntaub plaub, plaub hau), zaub (cellulose fibers - xws li flax, hemp, paj rwb, nettle) los yog mineral fibers, pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam minerals.
Artificial fibers - Cov no feem ntau yog cov cellulose-based fibers (xws li cellulose acetate) los yog hluavtaws polymers, xws li nylon, polyacrylonitrile (anilana), polyester (Elana) thiab polyurethane (lycra) fibers.
Cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab (hu ua rPET) yog cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv dua tshiab, xws li PLA (Polylactide). Nws yog tsim los ntawm pob kws thiab yog biodegradable, los yog cupro fibers tsim vim nag lossis daus ntawm cellulose fibers thaum da dej tooj liab. (1)
Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg hauv kev lag luam textile
Cov tshuaj tiav tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj thiab ua haujlwm. (2) Lawv tau siv hauv kev tsim textile thiab kev kho mob, piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem tshuaj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv kev tsim fiber ntau, tshuaj dawb, dyeing thiab luam ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov tshuaj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov khoom tiav los tsav cov haujlwm sib txawv, piv txwv li, kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov khaub ncaws ua kis las, kev kho cov nplaim hluav taws ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, impregnation ntawm lub qhov rooj khaub ncaws, thiab kev tiv thaiv pwm rau kev thauj mus los thiab cia. (3) Txheej hauv cov yas ntawm cov khaub ncaws yuav muaj cov yas zoo li phthalates.
Cov kauj ruam hauv qab no qhia txog ntau theem ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom siv textile uas siv tshuaj:
Ntxuav thiab scouring ntawm fibers thiab xov paj
Bleaching ntawm cov xov paj thiab ntaub
Mercerizing ntawm xov paj thiab ntaub
Dyeing ntawm xov paj thiab ntaub
Printing ntaub thiab tsoos tsho
Kev ua tiav ntawm daim ntaub thiab tsoos tsho
Ntxuav cov xov paj, ntaub, thiab tsoos tsho (3)
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv tshuaj
Kev siv cov tshuaj muaj ntau zuj zus nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov textiles rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Cov tshuaj no muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Lawv ua rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yooj yim dua los tswj thiab muab cov khoom lag luam nrog cov haujlwm xaiv lossis ib qho kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav yog cov khoom siv tsev cog khoom uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub hnub, flameproof rooj tog fabrics, lub tsheb airbags ntev, cov xim sib koom ua ke da dej phuam, tawv tawv sweaters, los yog workwear resistant rau ya raws thiab grime. Nws yuav ze li implausible muab cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no yam tsis muaj tshuaj. (4)
Muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai ntawm kev siv ntau dhau
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj qhov tsis zoo. Cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ntev ntev. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv kom ruaj khov. Cov tshuaj tsis zoo yuav tsum tsis txhob siv yog tias tsis tsim nyog. Cov khoom tsim tshiab yuav tsum tsis txhob suav nrog cov khoom sib txuas uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv lossis ib puag ncig. (4)
Xaus Kev Xav
Peb tau cog lus tias yuav xa cov khoom lag luam zoo thaum txhawb kev siv tshuaj zoo thiab nyab xeeb hauv nws cov kev coj ua. Nws tau txais ntau qhov kev lees paub zoo, tso cai rau nws los tsim kev sib koom tes nrog cov neeg ua si loj thoob ntiaj teb. Los ntawm cov kev sib koom tes tseem ceeb no, FCL tau tshaj tawm cov khoom tshiab, siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, thiab nthuav dav rau hauv kev lag luam tshiab, tsim nws cov hneev taw hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj tshwj xeeb.
